Fiancial Information for managers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fiancial Information for managers - Coursework Example The four financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, the statement of retained earnings, and the statement of cash flow. The purpose of this paper is analyze and describe how managers can utilize ratio analysis to analyze the financial results of an enterprise. Managers can utilize the data contained in the financial statements to perform analysis of the financial state of the company. A technique that can be used by managers to analyze the financial performance of a corporation is ratio analysis. Ratio analysis involves using financial formulas that utilize whose inputs are data retrieved from the financial statements of the company. There are different categories of financial ratios. Two of those categories are liquidity, profitability, and financial leverage ratios. In order to illustrate the value of ratio analysis this paper includes a ratio analysis of Marney Ltd. Appendix A shows financial ratios corresponding to the fiscal years 2008 and 2009. The ratios that are included in the analysis are gross profit margin, operating profit margin, current ratio, acid test ratios, average sales period, and average settlement period for account receivables. The gross margin of a company is calculated by dividing net profit by sales (net income / sales). Managers should seek a high gross margin metric. Firms that have low gross margin are not attractive common stock investments because its profitability is poor and the firm may run the danger of ending up with negative net margins. Gross margin is considered a ratio of broad profitability (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). The gross margin of Marney Ltd in 2008 was 46.3%. The gross margin figure of the company is good. In the following year the gross margin of the company was 41.4%. The movement in gross margin of the company from one year to the other was a reduction in gross margin of 4.9%. A reduction in gross margin is a bad sign. The reduction in gross margin could have occurred due to higher

Congestive Heart Disease Essay Example for Free

Congestive Heart Disease Essay The main function of a healthy heart is to ensure proper blood flow throughout the body and supplying all the organs with the nutrients that are necessary for survival. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is also known as Congestive heart disease, but for this paper we will use failure, Consistent with the research. Congestive heart failure is a disease that primarily causes the heart to be compromised. This leaves the heart unable to perform the main function of pumping blood throughout the body to maintain homeostasis. Congestive heart failure affects mostly individuals 65 years and older; however it can happen at any time. Anderson, et al 2010). According to Goldberg Konstam, â€Å"It is also one of the most common forms of heart disease. Approximately 4. 9 million Americans suffer from CHF, with about 400,000 new cases diagnosed annually. † (as cited in Mithal, Mann, Stone, 2002, p. 46). Prevention methods are important factors for avoiding this disease. There are several treatments available for congestive heart failure that focus on reducing fluids from the body to remove congestion from the heart or reduce blood pressure in the arteries. The heart can be described as muscular pump; it’s primary function is to pump blood. The heart consists of four chambers. The upper two chambers are called the atriums and the lower two chambers are called the ventricles. As the heart contracts, blood is pumped through the body with the assistance of four heart valves. Blood that is low in oxygen flows back to the heart after circulating through the body. The blood enters through veins and enters the right atrium. This chamber empties blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle continues to pump the blood under low pressure through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. The blood is now directed to the lungs where it gets fresh oxygen. After the blood is oxygenized, the blood will have a bright red appearance, and it is now considered rich with oxygen. The blood will now return to the left heart through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. From there it passes through the mitral valve and enters the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood out through the aortic valve into the aorta. The aorta takes blood to the body’s general circulation. Congestive heart failure is the inability of the heart to sufficiently supply the body with oxygenated rich blood adequately. The hearts primary function is to move blood throughout a network of vessels. The blood provides the cells of the body with oxygen and nutrients needed while also removing waste products of the body and releasing carbon dioxide. Organs such as the brain, liver, lungs, intestines and kidneys are also compromised. When the weakened muscles of the heart is unable to supply the kidneys with the necessary amount of blood the kidneys are compromised. The kidneys are now unable to perform their function of excreting sodium and water. This causes the body to retain fluid, which directly affects the lungs. The lungs now become congested with fluids known as pulmonary edema. The liver is similarly affected with the accumulation of fluids due to the inability to excrete wastes. This causes a huge accumulation of toxins in the body. The intestines will also be affected and will not be able to absorb the necessary nutrients for daily function. Without treatment CHF will eventually corrupt and attack every organ of the body. Common symptoms include swollen legs or ankles and difficulty breathing. Weight gain is often seen due to the accumulations of fluid within the body. (American Heart Association, 2010 ; Anderson, et al 2010). There are several factors that commonly contribute to congestive heart failure. Coronary heart disease is an accumulation of plaque resulting in a narrowing or hardening of the arteries that supplies blood to the heart muscle known as the myocardium. This is the most common type of heart disease resulting in the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. (MedlinePlus, 2010). Another factor is hypertension (high blood pressure), which refers to high pressure found in the arteries. Approximately one in three adults in the United States (73 million people) are estimated by The American Heart Association (2010) to be diagnosed with high blood pressure. A myocardial infarction, producing a thick scar tissue and interfering with the heart muscles normal function is another factor which could result in a heart attack. Heart valve disease has been linked to congestive heart failure as well. This could be a result of an outbreak of rheumatic fever or some other causes. Another factor contributing to congestive heart failure would be an infection of the heart lining known as endocarditis causing damage to the heart valves or possibly a myocardium of the heart known as myocarditis. Other common causes are alcohol and drug abuse, arrhythmias, obesity, ardiomyopathy and congenital heart defects. (American Heart Association, 2010). There are several ways to prevent congestive heart failure. Diet management is a key factor in securing a future without congestive heart failure. Maintaining a proper diet is crucial. Being overweight will act as a burden to the heart causing it to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. It is necessary to reduce sodium intake to avoid retaining fluids. The next step would be to increase potassium intake. Individuals who have congestive heart failure are usually prescribed diuretics to help excrete fluids causing a loss of potassium. Potassium can be found in green leafy vegetables and most fruits, particularly bananas, oranges, and dried fruit. Other factors for congestive heart failure prevention would involve exercise, no smoking and limited alcohol consumption. (Health-cares, 2010). There are many factors used for treatment for congestive heart failure. Various drugs are incorporated into treatment for congestive heart failure. The uses of drugs are intended for reducing fluids within the body or to reduce blood pressure in the arteries of the body. Typical drugs used for treatment are Ace inhibitors, beta-blockers, digitalis, diuretics and vasodilators. Beta-blockers are intended to improve function for the left lower ventricular pumps. Diuretics are intended to assist in eliminating products that primarily contribute to congestion such as salt and water. Digitalis serves a very important role in strengthening the heart so it can serve as a more efficient, reliable, and effective pump. Treatment may involve surgery if the failure is a result of a poor functioning heart valve. Surgery could involve repair or replacement of a heart valve or in drastic cases, replacement of the heart itself. General treatment will also consist of exercise, weight loss, rest and specific attention to maintaining a suitable diet plan. (American Heart Association, 2010). The Practice Framework of a person that has congestive heart failure is greatly affected. Individuals must reduce the amount of exertion on their bodies to prevent over stimulating the heart. The limitations caused by the failure make performing even routine tasks more difficult. Some of the activities of daily living (ADL’s) that this individual might have issues with might be, getting dressed and undressed, toileting, personal hygiene, bathing and eating. Some Instrumental ctivities of daily living (IADL’s) that might be affected could include preparing meals, taking medications, shopping (food or clothes), using the phone, house work, managing money and bills. As an Occupational Therapist (OT), One can educate patient/individual on the importance of reduced fluids and stress will make for a better heart and a healthier individual. The individual needs to learn that sucking or chewing on an ice cube is better than drinking a glass of water. Due to the increasing amount of fluids the medications are trying to get out of the body, drinking would be just adding more to the body and also adding more tress on the body. The roles/routines/habits will have to change because of the congestive heart failure and how the individual now has to take it slower and easier to get the job done. OT addresses any shortness of breath (SOB) and fatigue that might accrue during any of their daily living activities, routines, habits ect. Individuals learn to use adaptive equipment to help decrease the energy used to get the job done. Examples would consist of using a shower instead of a tub (if applicable), have grab bars inside and outside the shower, have a bath bench/chair with a hand-held shower head and a long handled sponge for easier athing. Less bending over for easier dressing/undressing by using open front garments with buttons/snaps, using a button hook if need be; use a dressing stick to put on lower extremities (LE) garments. Use a lighter comforter for less weight; use a step stool to reach things to reduce straining. Keep the house cooler and if the patient/individual is SOB outside have a portable pocket hand held fan/fan with mister. To reduce strain and stress have a garbage can with wheels would be very useful. One more example might be to have a recliner to keep legs up as well as change positions frequently for circulation. OT’s also each how to break down the tasks into small components to make the task at hand more manageable. For instance laundry is a big task for anyone, so instead of doing all the laundry in one day, do smaller loads spread out or one load a day. Pull the laundry out of the drier and hang it up as soon as laundry is done to save the wrinkles and then having to iron in addition too. Use lighter pots and pans to cook with. Having the appliances at arm’s length, waist level, within easy to reach to help with saving body energy. OT’s do whatever it takes to get the individual back to independently living a healthier life to the best of their ability. Congestive heart failure is a condition that needs to be specifically addressed and treated. The condition can be managed by complying with lifestyle changes, following a treatment plan, and taking prescribed medications. Without following a treatment plan the disease will consume the organs of the body causing irreversible damage. It is important to be aware of limitations concerning the disease to avoid over exertion which can be fatal. â€Å"Early intervention in the treatment of Congestive heart failure is crucial in providing the best outcome. † (Ciccone, 2007).

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Essay

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Essay Introduction: The worlds increasing globalization requires more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are now part of a worldwide economy with competition coming from nearly every continent. For this reason, profit and non-profit organizations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today. Human Resource management is on managing people within the employer-employee relationship. This involves the productive use of people in achieving the organizations strategic objectives and the satisfaction of individual employee needs. Where its objective is to measure target to be achieved within a certain time frame. Diversity management is management initiated, rather than required by law. This involved in integrating non-traditional employees (such as women and minorities) into the workforce and using their diversity to the organizations competitive advantage, as well as considering other workforce diversity characteristics that need to be addressed to ensure fair and effective utilization of employees. (Raymond J. Stone, 2008)Diversity in management includes: Cultural diversity is the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole. (The term is also sometimes used to refer to multiculturalism within an organization. Management of cultural diversity has been suggested as the human resource strategy enabling the effective management of the workforce diversity created by demographical changes generally in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. Retrieved from Oya Aytemiz Seymen(2006), according to Fleury (1999) explains cultural diversity management as an organizational answer or reaction to the need for competitiveness and to the increasing variety of the workforce. In the same resource, it has been stated that management of cultural diversity implies a holistic focus in order to create an organizational environment that allows all the employees to reach their full potential in pursuing the organizational goals. Gender diversity means the proportion of males to females in the workplace. It is a more even distribution or is the employee pool composed of mostly males or mostly females. This can have an effect on how people interact and behave with one another in the workplace and would impact culture and social environment. Similarly other demographics such as population, racial characteristics and such all contribute to the work environment. According to Kochan et al., 2003, organizations are finding that racial and gender diversity, if managed well, may even enhance performance(retrieved from Luis L. Martins and Charles K. Parsons,2007). Researchers have proposed that a greater organizational emphasis on gender diversity management programs will have a positive effect on organizational attractiveness among women, as women are the intended beneficiaries of the programs (Luis L. Martins and Charles K. Parsons,2007) Age diversity means the proportion of aged people work in the workplace. Age diversity was also positively correlated with health disordersbut only in groups working on routine decision-making tasks. Gender composition also had a significant effect on group performance, such that groups with a high proportion of female employees performed worse and reported more health disorders than did gender-diverse teams. As expected, effects of gender composition were most pronounced in large groups. Effects of age diversity were found when controlling for gender diversity and vice versa. Thus, age and gender diversity seem to play a unique role in performance and well-being. The moderating role of task complexity for both effects of age diversity and the moderating role of group size for both effects of gender diversity further suggest that the impact of these 2 variables depends on different group processes.( Ju ¨rgen Wegge and Carla Roth, Barbara Neubach and Klaus-Helmut Schmidt Ruth Kanfe r , 2008) Religious diversity is an important component of cultural diversity, which educators are now taking seriously in their pedagogies. However, cultural diversity and religious diversity are often evaluated quite differently. In our society now, there is at least a polite and superficial consensus that cultural diversity is here to stay and may enrich life. Minimally, people realize that cultural, ethnic, and class chauvinism create problems and are inappropriate, though they may be difficult to overcome. Regarding religious diversity, quite a different evaluation is often employed. Many people value the feeling that their religion is indeed superior to others and regard such religious chauvinism as a necessary component of religious commitment, or even a virtue to be cultivated among the faithful. In their official theologies, most religions have dealt with religious diversity only in a cursory or inadequate fashion. Frequently, religions have encouraged mutual hostility by teaching tha t foreign religions are not only different, but also demonic, or at least inferior. (Rita M. Gross(1999) retrieved from http://www.crosscurrents.org/gross.htm) Body: Benefits of Workplace Diversity An organizations success and competitiveness depends upon its ability to embrace diversity and realize the benefits. When organizations actively assess their handling of workplace diversity issues, develop and implement diversity plans, multiple benefits are reported such as: Increased adaptability Organizations employing a diverse workforce can supply a greater variety of solutions to problems in service, sourcing, and allocation of resources. Employees from diverse backgrounds bring individual talents and experiences in suggesting ideas that are flexible in adapting to fluctuating markets and customer demands. Broader service range A diverse collection of skills and experiences (e.g. languages, cultural understanding) allows a company to provide service to customers on a global basis. Variety of viewpoints A diverse workforce that feels comfortable communicating varying points of view provides a larger pool of ideas and experiences. The organization can draw from that pool to meet business strategy needs and the needs of customers more effectively. More effective execution Companies that encourage workplace diversity inspire all of their employees to perform to their highest ability. Company-wide strategies can then be executed; resulting in higher productivity, profit, and return on investment. Challenges of Workplace Diversity Taking full advantage of the benefits of diversity in the workplace is not without its challenges. Some of those challenges are: Communication Perceptual, cultural and language barriers need to be overcome for diversity programs to succeed. Ineffective communication of key objectives results in confusion, lack of teamwork, and low morale. Resistance to change There are always employees who will refuse to accept the fact that the social and cultural makeup of their workplace is changing. The weve always done it this way mentality silences new ideas and inhibits progress. Implementation of diversity in the workplace policies This can be the overriding challenge to all diversity advocates. Armed with the results of employee assessments and research data, they must build and implement a customized strategy to maximize the effects of workplace diversity for their particular organization. Successful Management of Diversity in the Workplace Diversity training alone is not sufficient for your organizations diversity management plan. A strategy must be created and implemented to create a culture of diversity that permeates every department and function of the organization. (Retrieved from http://www.diversityworking.com/employerZone/diversityManagement/?id=9) In preparing an organization to accept diversity, it is more important to change the corporate culture or to change structure of the organization. Organization Culture Basically, organizational culture is the personality of the organization. Culture is comprised of the assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs (artefacts) of organization members and their behaviours. Members of an organization soon come to sense the particular culture of an organization. Culture is one of those terms thats difficult to express distinctly, but everyone knows it when they sense it. For example, the culture of a large, for-profit corporation is quite different than that of a hospital which is quite different that that of a university. You can tell the culture of an organization by looking at the arrangement of furniture, what they brag about, what members wear, etc. similar to what you can use to get a feeling about someones personality. Corporate culture can be looked at as a system. Inputs include feedback from, e.g., society, professions, laws, stories, heroes, values on competition or service, etc. The process is based on our assumptions, values and norms, e.g., our values on money, time, facilities, space and people. Outputs or effects of our culture are, e.g., organizational behaviours, technologies, strategies, image, products, services, appearance, etc. (Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/org_thry/culture/culture.htm) Identification with an organization is a fixed sense of ones role in relation to the organization. When organizational members identify with their workplace, they define themselves in terms of the organization; they internalize its mission, ideology, and values and they adopt its customary ways of doing things. Eventually the member may see him or herself as an exemplar or microcosm of the organization. Organizational identification, in other words, suggests a feeling of oneness with the organization. Diversity makes open organizational culture more rich, and insights and innovation more applicable to a wide range of contexts. High levels of identification with an organization can limit diversity by reducing communication competencies in the area of social perception skills, including the ability to pick up on the subtleties of social situations and adapt to them. This skill is essential in a cross cultural context. High levels of identification among employees can also produce a la ck of organizational flexibility and creativity, over-conformity to organizational dictates, and tyrannical behaviour on the part of leaders. Highly-identified individuals could experience a lack of risk taking, loss of an independent self, and burnout. Redding indicates that a focus on high-performance goals in a context of trust and openness make it easier for employees to manage the ambiguity of gaining their sense of identity from shared visions rather than from a physical structure. Knowledge of self and openness in relation to shared goals create a safety zone in which people feel free to explore new ideas and new ways of approaching problem solving. (Retrieved from http://workplacewellness.blogspot.com/2005/08/identity-development-and.html) Organizational Structure Diversity is often viewed as a training program, limited to a human resources initiative focused on race and gender and separate from organizational change efforts. However, as the article describes, the definition of diversity is much broader, encompassing primary, secondary, and tertiary dimensions that go beyond race and gender. The aim of diversity is to allow all individuals to contribute fully to the success of the organization. Thus, integrating diversity and organizational change efforts can enhance the success of most types of organizational change. Organization development theory and principles can also add significantly to the outcomes of diversity initiatives through the effective use of contracts, assessments, action research methodology, and other critical components. In the current competitive world, diversity and organization development must be partners in successful organizational change efforts. (Ginger Lapid-Bogda, Ph.D., 1998) The Contribution of diversity to organizational Integrating diversity and organizational change efforts can enhance the success of most types of organizational change. All major organizational change involves a cultural change, and a diversity effort is cultural change at its core. It requires an organization to search its collective soul and focus on essential aspects of its culture: seminal values; organizational demands for conformity in thought, interpersonal style, and action; power structure and power dynamics; employee participation; and inclusion/exclusion issues, to name a few. Cultural Differences In addition, most organizational changes involve diversity components. An organizational redesign, for example, may combine functions that have previously been separate, such as marketing and manufacturing. Certainly, marketing and manufacturing have two distinct cultures and a successful redesign needs to pay attention to those cultural issues involved. Diversity offers both the perspective and the technology to deal with these intercultural issues, whether they are triggered by redesigns, mergers, or global expansions. When an organization is redesigned, some of its subsystems discover they have to transact a new form of business with new, unfamiliar partners. Naturally, they assume that their established styles of doing business, their traditional practices, priorities, values, and methods, will be perfectly acceptable, perfectly functional. Thus, marketing is surprised when this assumption turns out to be invalid for manufacturing. Marketing assumes that its new partner, manufact uring, simply has not appreciated the benefits of changing and adapting to marketings traditional way of doing business. Thus, organizational redesign invariably leads to organizational conflict. A diversity perspective adds insight to the identification of and techniques for the management of such issues. Conflict, by definition, means that differences exist. These differences may be based on style, role, values, priorities, power, mental models and patterns of thinking, or culture. The diversity perspective of valuing and utilizing differences offers a positive framework from which to manage conflict. (Ginger Lapid-Bogda, Ph.D., 1998) Team Effectiveness Team effectiveness has even clearer diversity connections. For a team to develop and be effective, its members must find productive ways to both elicit and manage individual and subgroup differences. In any group development model, there is always some version of a storming stage fairly early in a groups development. The group must navigate this troublesome phase successfully to evolve toward more productive phases of development. Successful navigation cannot occur if differences are submerged or conformity is forced upon diverse members. To be effective means to acknowledge differences and to utilize them creatively to gain the teams objectives. (Ginger Lapid-Bogda, Ph.D., 1998) Organizational Cultural Shift In the case of a complex organization change (for example, going from a production-driven to a marketing-driven focus or moving toward Total Quality), a fundamental shift in organizational culture must occur. A cultural change of this magnitude and complexity poses a major challenge for most organizations because of the ambiguity involved and the enormity of the task. An understanding of diversity enables organizations to find ways not to insist on conformity in a major change process, but to encourage employees to contribute, to take a fresh look, and to continuously evolve. (Ginger Lapid-Bogda, Ph.D., 1998) Diversity oriented HRM policies It is the responsibility of the HR manager to facilitate the organizations ability to use staff efficiency and effectively to achieve strategic business objectives. The HR manager is also responsible for ensuring that all employees are rewarded fairly and equitably for their contributions to the organizations. Fair and equitable rewards not only includes wages and salaries, but also opportunities for training and career development and the provision of a work environment in which all workers are treated with respect. Ensuring that all employees are treated fairly and equitably is not only a matter of legal and ethical responsibility, but also recognises that employees who perceive that they are receiving unfair or inequitable treatment may be less committees to the organization and thus may be less productive. The HR manager can achieve these outcomes by: Identifying the significant difference in their organizations workforce and in the labour market from which they draw employees. Exploring the potential advantages to be gained from hiring persons from particular groups. Identifying relevant diversity factors existing in the present workforce. Developing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating staff management practice that facilitate the ability of each employee to contribute effectively to the organization and to be rewarded appropriately. It is also the professional and business responsibility of the HR manager to establish audit measure that identify and quantify the advantage gained from diversity employment practice and that minimise the costs of diversity employment. (Raymond J. Stone, 2008)Diversity in management includes: Conclusion A diverse workforce is a reflection of a changing world and marketplace. Diverse work teams bring high value to the organizations. Respecting individual differences will benefit the workplace by creating a competitive edge and increasing work productivity. Diversity management benefits associates by creating a fair and safe environment where everyone has access to opportunities and challenges. Management tools in a diverse workforce should be used to educate everyone about diversity and its issues, including laws and regulations. Most workplaces are made up of diverse cultures, so organizations need to learn how to adopt to be successful practices. References: Stone, Raymond J., (2008). Human resource management, 6th edition Seymen, Oya Aytemiz., (2006). The cultural diversity phenomenon in organisations and different approaches for effective cultural diversity management: a literary review Martins, Luis L., Parsons, Charles K., (2007). Effects of Gender Diversity Management on Perceptions of Organizational Attractiveness: The Role of Individual Differences in Attitudes and Beliefs Wegge, Ju ¨rgen., Roth, Carla., Neubach, Barbara., Schmidt, Klaus-Helmut., Kanfer, Ruth., (2008). Age and Gender Diversity as Determinants of Performance and Health in a Public Organization: The Role of Task Complexity and Group Size M. Gross, Rita., (1999). Religious Diversity: Some Implications for Monotheism, retrieved from http://www.crosscurrents.org/gross.htm Lapid-Bogda, Ginger, Ph.D., (1998). Diversity and Organizational Change, retrieved from http://www.bogda.com/articles/DiversityandOrgChange.pdf http://www.diversityworking.com/employerZone/diversityManagement/?id=9 http://managementhelp.org/org_thry/culture/culture.htm http://workplacewellness.blogspot.com/2005/08/identity-development-and.htm

Japan Essay -- Geography Geographical Japan Essays

Japan Geographical Setting Japan is an island country in the North Pacific Ocean. It lies off the northeast coast of mainland Asia and faces Russia,Korea, and China. Four large islands and thousands of smaller ones make up Japan. The four major islands- Hokkaido,Honshu,Kyushu and Shikoku form a curve that extends for about 1,900 kilometres. Topography Japan is a land of great natural beauty. mountains and hills cover about 70% of the country. IN fact, Japanese islands consist of the rugged upper part of a great mountain range that rises from the floor of the North Pacific Ocean. Jagged peaks, rocky gorges, and thundering mountain waterfalls provide some of the country's most spectacular scenery. Thick forests thrive on mountansides, adding to the scenic beauty of the Japanese islands. Forests cover about 68% of the country's land. Japan lies on an extremely unstable part of the earth's crust. As a result, the land is constantly shifting. This shifting causes two of Japan's most striking features-- earthquakes and volcanoes. The Japanese islands have about 1500 earthquakes a year. Most of them are minor tremors that cause little damage, but severe earthqaukes occur every few years. Underseaquakes sometimes cause huge, destructive tidal waves, called tsunami, along Japan's Pacific coast. The Japanese islands have more than 150 major volcanoes. Over 60 of these volcanoes are active. Numerous short, swift rivers cross Japan's rugged surface. most of the rivers are too shallow and steep to be navigated. Their waters are used to irrigate farmland, and their rapids and falls supply power for hydroelectric plants. Many lakes nestle among the Japanese mountains. Some lie in the craters of extinct volcanoes. A large number of hot springs gush from the ground throughout the country. The Japanese islands have a total land area of about 337,708 sqkm. The islands , in order of size, are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku. The sea of Japan washes the country's west coast and the Pacific ocean lies to the east. Climate Regional climates in Japan can be compared to those of the East Coast of the United States. Kyushu and Shikoku have a climate much like that of Perth. They have long hot summers and mild winters. The island Honshu's generally has warm,humid summers. Winters are mild in the south and cold and snowy in the n... ...ies of the language for use in different social contexts; these varieties are called social styles of speech. A large number of dialects are spoken throughout Japan's four main islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu), as well as on the smaller islands, such as the Ryukyu Islands. Some dialects-for instance, those spoken in the southern parts of Japan, notably on the islands of Kyushu and Okinawa-are virtually incomprehensible to the speakers of other dialects. As a result of this diversity of dialects, the Japanese use a standard, or common, dialect to facilitate communication throughout the country. The two dialect families with the largest number of speakers are the dialect spoken in and around Tokyo, which is the common dialect, and the dialects of the Kansai region in western Japan, spoken in cities such as Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe. Due to the spread of the common dialect through television and radio, most people outside the Tokyo region speak the common dialect as well as a local dialect. Refrences: World Book Encyclopedia (Cd Rom) Grolier Encyclopedia (Cd Rom) Encarta 96 Encyclopedia (Cd Rom) JETRO (Internet Site) CIA World Factbook (Internet Site)

Anti-Trust

The law was broken when the group of anesthesiologists banded together to drive out any form of competition, which resulted in the failure of Mr†¦ Alto's business. Initially the organization of anesthesiologist from SST. Peters Community Hospital agreed to a settlement of $462,500. The trial Judge deemed the award from the Jury was excessive and ordered a new trial. The conclusions of the new trial were, the damages incurred were not the hospital's responsibility due to lack of evidence and the settlement from the physicians was sufficient (Bazaar 2012).Exclusive Contracts Hospitals routinely enter Into contracts with various professional groups for the sight to be the exclusive provider of their specific services at the facility In exchange for the group agreeing to provide and manage all aspects of that service wealth the hospital. These â€Å"exclusive contracts† generally result In the chosen medical department and associated equipment being closed off to physicians w ho are not part of the contracting group. Exclusive contracts are generally considered to be good for most doctors who participate in the groups and bad for those excluded by them.In fact, while exclusive contracts offer obvious benefits to the physicians who receive he perks from the contracts and obvious disadvantages for those who are excluded, they also present pitfalls for physicians in the chosen group. The included doctors are somewhat slaves to the groups and will be kicked out of the groups if the physician does not comply with the rules and regulations of the contract. Exclusive contracts are agreements that initially appear to be anta-competitive on face value; multiple courts have rejected anti-trust challenges to exclusive contracts creating an unfair advantage, which reduces competition.Physicians and nurses that have been excluded because of exclusive contracts have had much greater success in attacking exclusive contracting arrangements on the premise of breach of co ntract and lack of procedural process grounds. In order to prove there has been a violation of anti-trust and elimination of competition within a work environment such as a hospital. Typically exclusive contracts are built to keep outside providers from competing with the physicians who are already employed at the hospital or medical treatment facility. In rare cases like the Alto v.SST Pewter's Community Hospital case, the nurse anesthetist was already contracted with the facility and performed similar procedures as the anesthesiologists except for a cheaper rate (Bazaar 2012). The hospital administration should have analyzed the formation of the group odd providers and recognized what the Intentions were. Remedies to Breach Arbitration of breaches In anta-trust laws were frowned upon years ago when anta- trust laws were first set into place. Arbitration is a relatively fast way to arrive upon a being flexible and not as formal as a traditional courthouse.Usually, arbitration can b e scheduled quicker and with less working parts than a trial. In rare instances, if all parties involved come to an agreement, arbitrators can sometimes create rulings that judges are not allowed to decide. In arbitration, both sides present all evidence to an arbitrator in efforts to prove each side's case. The arbitrator reaches a final verdict and decides whom the winners and losers are. An arbitrator does the Job that a traditional Judge or Jury would normally do in court if the matter escalated to that point (Hill 2014).Summary Judgment is another remedy to handling the decision process in the event of a suspected anti-trust law breach. Summary Judgment is a decision entered by a court on behalf of one party that was in disagreement with another party, without the length and expense of a full trial. The idea of the summary judgment process is to remove the need to argue agreed upon facts and to decide without trial one or more causes of action in the complaint. The presenting a nd pleading procedures are extremely technical and complicated. This process is fairly dangerous to the party that the decision is being made against (Hill 2014).Conclusion In this scenario, the groups of anesthesiologists were guilty of violating anti-trust saws with the internal contract that was created to eliminate competition from outside vendors for delivery of care. Anti-trust laws were created top prevent larger companies and organizations from pushing smaller entities out of the ability to fairy compete for business. Mr†¦ Alto received a settlement from the hospital initially but was later unable to recoup legal fees and damages from the hospital once the trial judge ruled the damages were excessive.

Personality Analysis

Personality Analysis ity reveals much of who a person really is. Being able to know the strengths and weaknesses of an individual gives that certain person a chance to adjust himself to becoming an individual that he really wants to be that could likely affect not only himself but also that of the other individuals living around him.

Geowalk of Downtown Chattanooga essays

Geowalk of Downtown Chattanooga essays Cultural geography of individual cities contributes greatly to the diversity of a culture. Cultural geography is considered a wide-ranging and comprehensive field. Artifacts of our culture constantly surround us every day. The six major parts of cultural geography are the following: cultural diffusion, cultural landscapes, cultural environments, cultural perception, culture regions, and culture hearths The geowalk begins at the entrance to the Tennessee Aquarium. Now walk south on Broad Street until you reach Fifth Street. Then turn east toward Market Street. Finally turn north, back to the starting point at the Aquarium. As I walked around the downtown area, I noticed the various types of cultural geography present. I will focus on five of the six major areas of cultural environment (ecology), culture regions, and cultural perception. The first type of geography I came into contact with was cultural landscape. The definition of cultural landscapes is the forms and artifacts sequentially placed on the physical landscape by the activities of various human occupants. This means that the people of particular cultures have transformed their living areas into communities with buildings, and roads, etc. An example of the cultural landscapes is the building around the downtown area. The Aquarium and Bijou are excellent examples of the way two buildings can differ. The way that newer buildings differ from the historic ones is the types of bricks used to compose the outside or even the particular structure of the building. The Burger King, on the other hand, resembles a train depot from olden days. Another example is the Hamilton County Department of Education building that has brick artwork outside of a "couch". This "couch represents a place where people have added a small effort to transform their surrounding ...

A Review of the Dr. Seuss Classic, The Lorax

A Review of the Dr. Seuss Classic, The Lorax Since The Lorax, a picture book by Dr. Seuss, was first published in 1971, it has become a classic. For many children, the Lorax character has come to symbolize concern for the environment. However, the story has been somewhat controversial, with some adults embracing it and others seeing it as anti-capitalist propaganda. The story is more serious than most Dr. Seuss books and the moral more direct, but his wonderful zany illustrations, use of rhyme and made-up words and unique characters lighten the story and make it appealing to children 6 and older. The Story A little boy who wants to learn about the Lorax explains to the reader that the only way to find out about the Lorax is to go to the old Once-lers home and give him ...fifteen cents/and a nail/and the shell of a great grandfather snail... to tell the story. The Once-ler tells the boy it all began long ago when there was an abundance of brightly colored Truffula trees and no pollution. The Once-ler concentrated on expanding his business, adding to the factory, shipping more and more fruit and making more and more money. In telling the story to the little boy, the Once-ler assured him, I meant no harm. I most truly did not. / But I had to grow bigger. So bigger I got. The Lorax, a creature who speaks on behalf of the trees, appears to complain about the pollution from the factory. The smoke was so bad that the Swomee-Swans could no longer sing. The Lorax sent them off to escape the smog. The Lorax also angrily pointed out that all of the byproducts from the factory were polluting the pond and he also took the Humming-Fish away. The Once-ler had grown tired of the Loraxs complaints and angrily yelled at him that the factory was going to get bigger and bigger. But just then, they heard a loud sound. It was the sound of the very last Truffula tree falling. With no more Truffula trees available, the factory closed. All the Once-lers relatives left. The Lorax left. What remained was the Once-ler, an empty factory and pollution. The Lorax disappeared, leaving only a small piece of rocks, with the one word...UNLESS. For years, the Once-ler wondered and worried about what that meant. Now he tells the young boy he understands. UNLESS someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. Its not. The Once-ler then throws the very last Truffula tree seed down to the boy and tells him hes in charge. He needs to plant the seed and protect it. Then, maybe the Lorax and the other animals will return. Impact What makes The Lorax so effective is the combination of a step-by-step look at cause and effect: how unfettered greed can destroy the environment, followed by an emphasis on positive change through individual responsibility. The storys end emphasizes the impact one person, no matter how young, can have. While the rhyming text and entertaining illustrations keep the book from being too heavy, Dr. Seuss definitely gets his point across. Because of this, the book is frequently used in elementary and middle school classrooms. Dr. Seuss Dr. Seuss was the most prominent of several pseudonyms that Theodor Seuss Geisel used for his childrens books. For an overview of some of his most well-known books, see.

Three Gorges Dam in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Three Gorges Dam in China - Research Paper Example â€Å"The massive project sets records for number of people displaced (more than 1.2 million), number of cities and towns flooded (13 cities, 140 towns, 1,350 villages), and length of reservoir (more than 600 kilometers)† (Three Gorges Dam). its location. China's huge Three Gorges Dam hydro-power project could spark a "catastrophe" unless accumulating environmental threats are quickly defused, senior officials and experts have warned. The dam, which is located in Hubei province in south-western China, is the world's biggest hydro-electric project. Inaugurated in 2006 it began generating electricity in 2003(Chinese government fears Three Gorges Dam â€Å"catastrophe) Three Gorges Dam has caught the headlines of media recently because of the huge concerns about the environmental impacts it may generate in Chinese territory. Environmentalists, not only from China, but also from other parts of the world unanimously opposed this project because of the huge threats it may cause to wild animals and to the environment. At the same time, Chinese authorities describe it as a landmark which has proved the technological advancements or dominance achieved by China. Moreover, Chinese authorities claim that the success of this project was achieved through the careful blending of social, engineering and economic capitals. They also argued that this dam is the greatest victory man achieved over nature because of the complexities involved in the construction of this dam. Amidst all such exaggerated or colourful claims, many people in the world are looking at this project suspiciously because of the environmental impacts it can cause not only to China, but also to the neighbouring nations. Erosion, landslides etc are some of the major threats other than the threats to the habitats of wild animals, as a result of the construction of this dam. This paper analyses the reasons for the construction of this dam, arguments of ecological organizations against it, alternate option s which could have been used, future plans of Chinese authorities to construct such dams etc. Chinese authorities labelled Three Gorges dam as a multipurpose dam because of the multiple utilities it can provide to the public and the nation. The entire world is currently facing severe energy shortages and it is necessary for each country to find out alternate energy sources since most of the energy sources available on earth are non-renewable in nature. For example, bio fuel or petroleum is a non-renewable energy source which is used extensively all over the world. According to some estimates, the available oil stocks may be used up within another 30 or 40 years time and it is necessary to find out alternate energy sources. Solar energy is a non-renewable energy source; however, cheap technologies have not been developed yet to exploit solar energy. Hydroelectric power is a renewable energy source and it is necessary for a big country like China to exploit such power as much as possi ble since alternate options are limited. Another reason for the construction of this dam is the increasing threats of floods. It should be noted that because of global warming and subsequent atmospheric temperature rise, huge ice blocs in the polar region are melting and as a result of that the probabilities of flood increasing day by day. Yangtze River is extremely vulnerable to flood threats and in

Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. Research Paper Essay

Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. Research Paper - Essay Example This entirely has been attained through the establisher and organization CEO, Steve Ells, and his capability gradually to struggle to afford consumers with a huge experience whereas enjoying immense food. Chipotle’s prosperity certainly starts with high-level management as it progresses to increase activities whereas sustaining that every restaurant provides similar experience and food quality as the other. The organization’s mission, â€Å"Food With Integrity† has been applied nearly religiously through the chain; and it really does struggle to prepare food for consumers that has quality constituents. Provided a firm concentration and commitment from the top to providing a value item to its customers, Chipotle has enjoyed huge prosperity in the past decades. However, applying inventive approaches will more permit the organization to increase and extend its development (DeCenzo & Stephen, 2007, 414). In establishing the strategy for the coming strategic goals and proposals, Chipotle will require to sustain the present central values including the extension of recent approaches. It is significant for the organization to determine the main approaches and values that enabled the company prosperity and tries to establish upon them. Despite that, Chipotle has not originally communicated its values through means of mainstream channel of communication; it does sufficiently communicate key values concerning the organization’s triple base line. These principles are communicated in the Chipotle reports to investors and include: The company concentrates on attempting to look for the greatest quality components they can to prepare immense tasting food; on employing and holding top performing individuals to make sure that the restaurant expertise offered is outstanding. Further, the company focuses on establishing restaurants that are functionally effective and aesthetically entertaining; and on acting all of this with rising sensitivity and este em for the atmosphere. The organization applies high-quality raw components, standard cooking techniques, and a differentiated internal design and has sociable individuals to watch out for all consumer-characteristics that are further regularly present in the sphere of excellent dining. The goal of the company is to look for the greatest quality components that they can. Components that are planted or raised with esteem for the atmosphere, beasts, and individuals who plant or bring up the food. As section of their â€Å"Food With Integrity† approach, they think that applying fresh components is not sufficient, therefore they utilize time on farms and in the area to know where our components come from and the way the beasts are raised. Chipotle’s objective is to generate the highest quality item coupled with the greatest quality components, as well as being sociable to the atmosphere and to the beasts that it uses. This has enabled the organization to develop and increa se in wonderful ways. All this factors being put in place, the organization should continue struggling to evolve for it to maintain competitiveness and its limit over competitors. Whereas taking into account such precedences, the organization has established methods that the institution should follow for the coming five decades. These methods relate particularly to market growth, market penetration, and unique commodity development while looking out for probable unique markets as well as â€Å"blue oceans†. These methods will as well assist simplify Chipotle into

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Reflection - Essay Example Even the leadership traits that I considered to prevent the achievement of organizational goals educated me on better leadership approaches. Therefore, this paper gives a reflection of my growth in leadership, aiming to be a school principal, based on transformational leadership theory. Transformational leadership has been associated with desirable organizational performance irrespective of the context. According to Boerner, Eisenbeiss, and Griesser (2007), this style of leadership causes positive results by promoting leader-follower relationship. This reflects my approach to leadership. It is an approach that I used when managing my father’s company to cause the company to post positive results. I associated with the employees and got to understand them better. This informed my decisions that proved to be effective. Being social, transformational leadership best fits within my personality traits as it promotes relationships. Considering my prospect of being a principal in a s chool, I work towards ensuring that I develop a relationship with my students. This will enable me understand them better and therefore make informed decisions on leading them. Hence, transformational leadership promotes the leadership traits that I exhibit hence my choice of basing this paper on the theory. One of the strategies in transformational leadership is to inspire followers to attain extraordinary results. According to Boerner et al. (2007), this entails the alignment of goals and objectives of followers to that of the organization and provision of the necessary support, coaching and mentoring to achieve the desired goals. This was the approach I used to cause positive outcomes when tasked to manage my father’s company. As my chosen style of leadership, I led the workers from the front. I did what was expected and thus set a standard for them to follow. I motivated them into achieving the set objectives. This led to a reduction in time wastage at work, misunderstand ing among employees and negligence of duties. This would be the same approach that would be applied when I become the principal. My greatest role as a principal would be to promote positive relationships among parents, teachers and students so as to positively impact on students’ performance. To achieve this, I would be needed to make it clear to each of these parties what their roles would be. I would ensure that they understand the reason for giving them the respective responsibilities is to see the school perform well. As a way of motivating them to work towards this goal, best performers would be rewarded. This follows the inspirational motivation argument in transformational leadership which according to Boerner et al. (2007) calls for leaders to motivate their followers and encourage them to share in the future vision. This arouses both the individual and team spirit. The second strategy that I would use would entail individualized consideration. Leading a mixed group s uch as a school entails leading many people from different backgrounds. First, the students vary in ages, gender, behavior and even racial background among other distinctions. The same applies to parents, teachers and support employees. Thus, each of these persons would have distinct needs that require individualized attention. In one of my refection papers, I gave the example of Toyota, a vehicle manufacturing company, whose success could be linked to this argument. Toyota manufactures cars that meet the

How to Develop Growth Strategies for Businesses Case Study

How to Develop Growth Strategies for Businesses - Case Study Example After having full knowledge about all these we have to develop strategies about taking advantage of existing customers. For this Kelly should not leave her established business and attract existing and loyal customers to her new restaurant by giving them some sort of incentives in terms of discounts and one dish offered. Better promotion policies should be used for the attraction of new customers. More focus should be on the quality of food items that the restaurant will offer. Talented and efficient employees are the asset of any organization but organizations also have the responsibility to develop the best working environment to take full advantage from these employees. The use of new technology is also required for the best quality and efficiency. 2. Business Form Kelly should start her new business as a limited liability company (LLC). Most of the costs for Sole proprietorship and sole LLC are the same but one fee is required (Anaejionu, 2012). When filing a certificate of formation for an LLC which is done through the secretary of state and its fee is not more than 300 dollars. There are many reasons to advice Kelly to run her restaurant as sole LLC. First of all, LLC provides limited liability if there are losses in business then creditors are limited to the assets of the business and they can not claim against personal assets of the owner. Through sole LLC Kelly will be able to issue new shares of stock to new owners in order to raise funds to grow business. But in the sole proprietorship, she is limited to take loans only from banks.

The role of Governments and Intergovernmental organizations in dealing Essay

The role of Governments and Intergovernmental organizations in dealing with the impact of globalization - Essay Example s and strategies adopted by governmental organizations shapes globalizations as much as globalization dictates the conditions and policy that must be established by governments (Globalization and Global Governance 9-21). The portrayal of globalization as the external force that constrains governments, leaving them with few choices apart from adapting, led the former US President Bill Clinton to remark: Government and intergovernmental organizations play a varying role to deal with the impact of globalization, depending on the dynamics of the matter at hand. Where globalization is understood in the context of being involved in the erosion of economic, political, social and cultural borders, the government’s role of accepting the process and defining policies that promote such a change can be seen as â€Å"making† globalization (The Global Transformation Reader 22-44). The steps taken by the national institutions include the harmonization of regulations that govern various aspects of the system setup, as well as the removal of barriers that prevented free flow of information, goods and services in the past. The European Union (EU) provides a classic example for understanding the role of governments in acceding to the demands of globalization, by the removal of physical borders and unification of economic might to deal in a more positive manner with the changing dynamics of the global business and development demands (Globalization and Global Governance 77-85). The Schengen treaty allowed the citizens of member states to move with ease across the expanse of the EU; the overall aim being to create a mobile and skilled workforce that would have benefits for all concerned members of the EU. For the impact of globalization to be dealt with a positive manner, it has been pertinent for governments and related institutions to undertake an open and flexible approach, especially in identifying the areas where comparative advantage can be reached. This is evident when seen

Compare and Contrat Paper on For-Profit and Traditional Colleges Essay

Compare and Contrat Paper on For-Profit and Traditional Colleges - Essay Example FPCUs, apart from providing education, are founded on profit making motives thus are run like businesses, charging fees to all students they enroll. The FPCUs emerged to address some of inadequacies facing the traditional universities and colleges due emerging trends in education and increased need for higher education. By 2007, in America, the FPCUs were educating over two million students each year, already having penetrated the minds of students and the community through extensive marketing campaigns and directional signs indicating their location (Hentschke et al 1). Currently, most of the societal segments are very empowered on the role of post secondary education in increasing chances for getting a job, increasing income and improving the standards of life thus more people would like to pursue postsecondary education increasing it demand. This situation is more of a business opportunity, which for profit enterprises are more likely to respond to unlike the public and private no nprofit entities (Hentschke et al 1). The for profit entities respond to these opportunities by offering college and university education in a business model environment run as corporations or individual businesses. These ventures are providing solution to nontraditional students by offering them training in specific roles in varied occupational fields having been previously not well served by the traditional colleges and universities. Reasons for emergence of FPCUs from traditional colleges and universities Several factors have fuelled emergence of FPCUs from traditional colleges and universities (TCUs) including: revenue pressure, academic reputation, Social Consciousness and Diversity, and management. Revenue pressure In America, the public support per student has stagnated while the real cost of providing college education per student continues to grow, pressurizing the institutions to raise revenue by increasing fees amount per student (Berg 16). Increased cost of education inc reases the number students in need of low cost education thus the TCUs are forced to make aggressive recruitment aimed at increasing revenue. With this strategy in place, the TCUs start embracing business ideas of marketing. In addition, the TCUs form alliances with private sector and businesses in order to generate enough revenues to sustain their programs, which make universities to put more efforts on efficiency and commercializing it activities. With commercialization efforts, profit eventually motives crop, leading to transformation to FPCUs. Academic reputation Maintaining and improving academic reputation is the ultimate goal of any academic institution. Efforts to maintain academic reputation are challenged by the changing demographics of the population served, competition, maintaining identity and fighting elitism (Berg 20). To maintain the reputation, institutions have to be more competitive by marketing themselves. This puts pressure on TCUs, forcing them to seek commerci al options, leading to emergence of profit motives and creating room for FPCUs. Social Consciousness and Diversity In offering college education, diversity leading to equal opportunity has always been a challenge with TCUs. This has been mainly due to traditional preoccupations with ethnic reflection in the student body and the

How to Develop Growth Strategies for Businesses Case Study

How to Develop Growth Strategies for Businesses - Case Study Example After having full knowledge about all these we have to develop strategies about taking advantage of existing customers. For this Kelly should not leave her established business and attract existing and loyal customers to her new restaurant by giving them some sort of incentives in terms of discounts and one dish offered. Better promotion policies should be used for the attraction of new customers. More focus should be on the quality of food items that the restaurant will offer. Talented and efficient employees are the asset of any organization but organizations also have the responsibility to develop the best working environment to take full advantage from these employees. The use of new technology is also required for the best quality and efficiency. 2. Business Form Kelly should start her new business as a limited liability company (LLC). Most of the costs for Sole proprietorship and sole LLC are the same but one fee is required (Anaejionu, 2012). When filing a certificate of formation for an LLC which is done through the secretary of state and its fee is not more than 300 dollars. There are many reasons to advice Kelly to run her restaurant as sole LLC. First of all, LLC provides limited liability if there are losses in business then creditors are limited to the assets of the business and they can not claim against personal assets of the owner. Through sole LLC Kelly will be able to issue new shares of stock to new owners in order to raise funds to grow business. But in the sole proprietorship, she is limited to take loans only from banks.

Compare and Contrat Paper on For-Profit and Traditional Colleges Essay

Compare and Contrat Paper on For-Profit and Traditional Colleges - Essay Example FPCUs, apart from providing education, are founded on profit making motives thus are run like businesses, charging fees to all students they enroll. The FPCUs emerged to address some of inadequacies facing the traditional universities and colleges due emerging trends in education and increased need for higher education. By 2007, in America, the FPCUs were educating over two million students each year, already having penetrated the minds of students and the community through extensive marketing campaigns and directional signs indicating their location (Hentschke et al 1). Currently, most of the societal segments are very empowered on the role of post secondary education in increasing chances for getting a job, increasing income and improving the standards of life thus more people would like to pursue postsecondary education increasing it demand. This situation is more of a business opportunity, which for profit enterprises are more likely to respond to unlike the public and private no nprofit entities (Hentschke et al 1). The for profit entities respond to these opportunities by offering college and university education in a business model environment run as corporations or individual businesses. These ventures are providing solution to nontraditional students by offering them training in specific roles in varied occupational fields having been previously not well served by the traditional colleges and universities. Reasons for emergence of FPCUs from traditional colleges and universities Several factors have fuelled emergence of FPCUs from traditional colleges and universities (TCUs) including: revenue pressure, academic reputation, Social Consciousness and Diversity, and management. Revenue pressure In America, the public support per student has stagnated while the real cost of providing college education per student continues to grow, pressurizing the institutions to raise revenue by increasing fees amount per student (Berg 16). Increased cost of education inc reases the number students in need of low cost education thus the TCUs are forced to make aggressive recruitment aimed at increasing revenue. With this strategy in place, the TCUs start embracing business ideas of marketing. In addition, the TCUs form alliances with private sector and businesses in order to generate enough revenues to sustain their programs, which make universities to put more efforts on efficiency and commercializing it activities. With commercialization efforts, profit eventually motives crop, leading to transformation to FPCUs. Academic reputation Maintaining and improving academic reputation is the ultimate goal of any academic institution. Efforts to maintain academic reputation are challenged by the changing demographics of the population served, competition, maintaining identity and fighting elitism (Berg 20). To maintain the reputation, institutions have to be more competitive by marketing themselves. This puts pressure on TCUs, forcing them to seek commerci al options, leading to emergence of profit motives and creating room for FPCUs. Social Consciousness and Diversity In offering college education, diversity leading to equal opportunity has always been a challenge with TCUs. This has been mainly due to traditional preoccupations with ethnic reflection in the student body and the

The Corporate Culture Essay Example for Free

The Corporate Culture Essay A six-year legal battle involving the jailed father-son duo who headed now-defunct Adelphia Communications has ended after prosecutors withdrew tax fraud charges related to their earlier conviction in a $1. 9 billion fraud case. Prosecutors said they withdrew the tax-related charges Wednesday against the Pennsylvania cable companys founder John Rigas and his son Timothy because they werent likely to end in substantial additional jail time or restitution. Proceeding with the case wouldnt be a prudent expenditure of prosecutorial resources, authorities said. Authorities alleged in 2005 the Rigases had committed tax fraud when they failed to pay income tax on the proceeds of the fraud they were convicted of in New York a year earlier. The former executives fought the case on the grounds it amounted to double jeopardy. Both men are already in jail stemming from the collapse of the company in 2002 after prosecutors said John Rigas, 87, and Timothy Rigas, 55, failed to report nearly $2 billion in liabilities. John Rigas has seven years left on his 12-year sentence, while Timothy Rigas isnt expected to be released until 2022. Meanwhile, prosecutors said the family spent lavishly on itself, ordering 100 pairs of slippers for Timothy Rigas and spending more than $3 million to produce a film by John Rigas daughter. Defense attorney Larry McMichael welcomed the end of the long court battle. This case never should have been brought, he told The Patriot-News of Harrisburg. The analysis should include the following: A short description of case identification of the ethical issues involved (what was the alleged ethical wrong done, and why is/was it wrong? A statement, in their own opinion, of whether it was wrong or not, and more importantly, why? Thoughts on what could have been done to avoid the problem – do we need more laws government regulation? What internal controls might have prevented this situation? Was the problem more a matter of individuals gone wrong, or was it more systemic and organizational? Provide 3-5 APA style references both inline and at the end of the paper to support your analysis. Please write in 3rd person. Note: This is your opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge of the week’s theory linked to personal opinion and outside evidence.

Denial Of The Holocaust History Essay

Denial Of The Holocaust History Essay World War II was a difficult time to live in. Families all over the world were sending their husbands, sons, and brothers off to fight Adolf Hitler and his Nazis. But while they were fighting for peace, many others were fighting for their lives. In 1941, the beginning of a horrific event occurred; the Holocaust. It all began when the Nazis came into power in Germany. They believed that Germans were racially superior and that the Jews, deemed inferior, were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community (Holocaust Memorial). As a result the Jews were then placed in ghettos, concentration camps, or forced-labor camps where they either died from malnourishment, incarceration, maltreatment, or disease. Extermination of the Jews was an essential part of the gospel of Nazism and inherent in the core of its creed (Wigoder 450). Out of the seventy eight people in my family, I am the only one to survive. My parents had three boys and three girls: My parents were Jacob and Toby; my b rothers were Moishe and Baruch, and my sisters were Sarah, Rivka and Leah. They were all killed, claims Holocaust survivor Solomon Radasky (Quotes from Holocaust). By the end of the Holocaust, around six million Jews were killed. Even though there is substantial evidence that this event occured, there are many people in the world that believe the Holocaust never really happened. Holocaust denial began in 1979 when Willis Caro founded the Institute for Historical Review (IHR), the headquarters of Holocaust denial. Holocaust denial consists of claims that the genocide of Jews during World War II did not occur at all, or that it did not happen in the manner or to the extent historically recognized (Holocaust Denial). David Irving, a popular Holocaust denier, claimed in a speech in Portland, Oregon, Yes, hundreds of thousands of people were killed, but there were no factories of death (Representative Quotes). Deborah Lipstadt, an American historian, author and Holocaust denier, reports that a 1993 Roper Poll found that twenty two percent of American adults and twenty percent of American high school students believe that it is possible that the Holocaust didnt happen. A 1993 Newsweek poll found that a full forty percent of American adults express doubts regarding the generally accepted magnitude of the Holocaust (Austin). Key elements of Holocaust denial claims are the rejection of the following: that the German Nazi government had a policy of deliberately targeting Jews for extermination as a peo ple and that genocide was carried out at extermination camps using tools of mass murder, such as gas chambers (Holocaust Denial). In order to make their points, deniers concentrate on their opponents weak points, while rarely saying anything definitive about their own position. Holocaust deniers emphasize the inconsistencies between eyewitness accounts, for example (Shermer 212). Most believe that eyewitness accounts are very helpful when making an argument; they provide us with their experiences and thoughts on the matter. They tell us stories about what had happened to them, their friends, their families, and other people that went through the same experiences. But Elizabeth Loftus, a world-renowned memory expert and University of Washington psychology professor, found that an individuals memory is not as reliable as most of us think (182). As new bits and pieces of information are added into long-term memory, the old memories are removed, replaced, crumpled up, or shoved into corners (Loftus 20). Since this became a realistic possibility, many Holocaust deniers use this to their advantage by telling Holocaust survivors that what had happened to them was all in their imaginations; that it never occurred. For example, on March 14, 1994, Michael Shermer, th e author of Why People Believe Weird Things, went on the Phil Donahue show to discuss Holocaust denial with Bradley Smith and David Cole, two Holocaust deniers. They both focused on denying that gas chambers and crematoria were used for the mass murder of Jews. During the show, Smith made a statement that it was a lie about the Germans cooking Jews to make soup out of them. This claim sent a Holocaust survivor, Judith Berg, on the edge claiming that this statement was true. She went ballistic when Smith continued denying that what had happened to her and what she had seen for several months was the truth. Smith used her hysteria against her to make her appear as if she was lying. He twisted her words, as well as Shermers few attempted thoughts in the discussion, to help him prove his point. Another attacking point during this program was the discussion of gas chambers. Many survivors of the Holocaust talk about the gas chambers. Gas chambers are claimed to be one of the leading cause of death in concentration and extermination camps during the Holocaust. Judith Berg, the survivor that appeared on the Phil Donahue show, claimed she lived near the crematorium in Auschwitz, where she spent several months. I lived near the crematorium as far as I am from you. You would never eat roast chicken if you had been there (Phil). It is a wonder to many individuals how deniers can claim that the extermination of Jews by gas chambers never happened when these facilities still exist to this day (Shermer 227). One of the leading Holocaust deniers, Fred A. Leuchter, Americas leading specialist on the design and fabrication of execution equipment, was curious about the gas chambers. In 1988, Leuchter scraped samples from the gas chamber walls in Auschwitz, Birkenau and Lublin. Cyanide residue would be clearly evident on all these walls if gassings did occur. To his astonishment, Leuchter found no significant cyanide traces in any one of these rooms. In 1991, the Polish government repeated these tests to disprove Leuchters findings, but they as well found no evidence of any gassings ever occurring (Hoax). It also appeared that the structure of these gas chambers was also extremely faulty. The rooms apparently had ordinary doors and windows which are not sealed. There are large gaps between the floors and doors. If the Germans had attempted to gas anyone in these rooms, they would have died themselves, as the gas would have leaked and contaminated the entire area. Also, no equipment exists to exhaust the air-gas mixture from these buildings. Nothing was made to introduce or distribute the gas throughout the chambers. There are no provisions to prevent condensation of gas on the walls, floors or ceilings. No exhaust stacks have ever existed (Hoax). Not only do survivors claim that gas chambers existed but guards have confessed to the gassings as well. Pery Broad, an SS Unterscharfà ¼hrer, was captured by the British on May 6, 1945. After his capture, he wrote a memoir that was passed on to the British Intelligence Service. In his memoir, he described in detail the gassing procedure, including the use of Zyklon-B and the design of the undressing room, gas chambers, and crematorium (Shermer 230). Deniers dismiss confessions like Broads because they think the guards that have confessed to gassing were either coerced into a confession or made up the claim for bizarre psychological reasons. Broad also claimed that the gassing process only took about four minutes to complete. Deniers point this out because it is at odds with the statements of others, such as Commandant Hoess, who claim it was more like twenty minutes. Because of such discrepancies, deniers dismiss the account entirely. A dozen different accounts give a dozen differe nt figures for time of death by gassing, so deniers believe no one was gassed at all. Obviously, the gassing process would take different amounts of time due to variations in conditions such as temperature, the number of people, the room size and the amount of Zyklon-B poured into the room (230). It seems as though Holocaust deniers thrive on the inconsistencies of eyewitnesses to prove their points. Granted eyewitness accounts of the Holocaust may not be the best way to prove what happened since memory is lost or distorted with time. Elizabeth Loftus admits that eyewitness accounts are faulty because every time we recall an event, we must reconstruct the memory, and with each recollection the memory and reality may be changed colored by succeeding events, other peoples recollections or suggestionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Truth and reality, when seen through the filter of our memories, are not objective but subjective, interpretive realities (Loftus 20). But what Holocaust deniers forget is that there are plenty of other ways to prove that the Holocaust existed such as pictures, videos, and remnants from the facilities used during the Holocaust. There are not many of the above left due to the fact that the Nazis tried their best to conceal the crimes they had committed after the war. First, they limited the written record of their crime to a minimum. Second, they falsified the record, to the degree that technical and organizations made its existence necessary. And lastly, they destroyed the superfluous and the most incriminating part of the record, once it had served its purpose, in the final phase of the Third Reich. They destroyed not only documents, they also destroyed the mass killing apparatus and liquidated the witnesses (Denial). Although there is not as much evidence as there was during World War II, what remains is still enough to prove that it existed. If there is a museum dedicated to the Holocaust, how can anyone say that it doesnt exist? The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, found in Washington DC, is a living memorial to the Holocaust. It has exhibits containing more than 900 artifacts, 70 video monitors, and four theaters that include historic film footage. Some of the videos on display within the museum are of the experimentation as well as the execution that was performed on the Jews within concentration camps. These videos are graphic and disturbing to watch. During my visit to the Holocaust museum, some visitors may not find many of the exhibits moving or disturbing until they actually watch the videos, such as a video of the experimentations performed on the Jews. The one video that sticks out in my mind is the one about fertility and genetic experiments. The video showed graphic images of guards raping the women in the camps. Many found the video very disturbing and violating. In another part of the museum, they h ave a railcar that was used to transport Jews from their homes to the concentration camps; visitors can even walk through it. The museum also contains the barracks in which the Jews lived. They are just planks on top of supports, theres nothing really to them. Many Holocaust deniers believe that the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has no proof whatever of homicidal gassing chambers, and no proof that even one individual was gassed in a German program of genocide (Phil). Although it is true that they do not show the actual gassing of Jews, they have written documents from the camps as well as the Shoe Room. This room contains hundreds of shoes from the undressing rooms of the gas chambers; you can still smell the feet of the individuals who wore them. Most who visit find the museum an amazing tribute to the Holocaust and that it captures the harsh reality of what the Holocaust was. Many know the saying, a picture is worth a thousand words. Well this is very true when it comes to pictures of the Holocaust. Although most photographic evidence of the Holocaust was destroyed by the Nazis towards the end of World War II, there are still plenty that remain. There are pictures of emaciated, naked bodies lying on top of one another in pits dug in the ground. The bodies in the pits were then burned to make room for more bodies. There are other pictures of naked women being lined up next to the pits with guards pointing guns at them; the women were then killed execution style and thrown into the pits with the other bodies. There are pictures of children smiling at cameras through barbed wire fences in stripped prisoners clothing. There are also plenty of pictures of men, women, and children waiting in line to be placed in gassing chambers, awaiting their death. With pictures such as these that remain, how can anyone deny the fact that an act as horrific as the Holocaust existed? Not only are there pictures of these horrific events, there is significant evidence that still exists today. The Memorial and Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau still contains remnants of the gas chambers. Auschwitz is, in many ways, the main target of attacks by deniers, yet the denial of genocide, the existence of the gas chambers, and mass murder nevertheless extends to all the camps, the death camps, and, generally, the mass killing of the Jews (Denial). The gas chambers were used by authorities to delete traces of their awful crimes by burning bodies (Wigoder 190). The Leuchter Report, claimed that there was not enough hydrogen cyanide present in the existing gas chambers to prove that the Jews were killed there. He claimed that with how small the amount that was present, the Zyklon-B was only used for delousing purposes only. This is contradicted not only by statements from former prisoners and Auschwitz commandant himself. The basic German document on crematorium throughout, prepare d by the Central Construction Board in Auschwitz on June 28, 1943, states that the five crematoria in the Auschwitz and Birkenau camps, together, could burn four thousand seven hundred fifty six corpses in a twenty four-hour period. This document indicates that the Birkenau crematoria could burn 1.6 million bodies per year. This makes it clear that the Leuchter Report is nothing more than an attempt, concealed beneath an academic-looking smokescreen of graphs, analyses, and calculations, at misinforming readers who have no access to the scholarly literature (Denial). More proof of the existence of gas chambers exists in the remains of the floor plans for concentration camps. They are very clearly drawn and state the undressing, gassing, crematoria, and morgue rooms. With all of this evidence stacked up, it is obvious that gas chambers existed and were used in the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust. Today, we face an alarming rise in Holocaust denial and anti-Semitism-even in the very lands where the Holocaust happened-as well as genocide and threats of genocide in other parts of the world; all of this when we are soon approaching a time when Holocaust survivors and other eyewitnesses will no longer be alive (About). Holocaust deniers focus on the faultiness of eyewitness accounts. They may change with time, contradict each other, and may be too crazy to believe, but eyewitness testimonies are still keys to the past and to our worlds history. Although their experiences are important to the proof of the Holocaust, there is a large amount of other evidence that helps to prove its existence. The Nazis failed at trying to hide what the Holocaust was by attempting to destroy the concentration camps, documents, photographs, and videos. Their failure led to the creation of museums such as the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and The Memorial and Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau that are dedicated to the memory of the Holocaust. The extermination of six million Jews is not a fallacy but a reality. The deniers may claim that only a few million were killed during the Holocaust, but then what happened to the other few million? It is not possible for two or three million people to just disappear of the face of the Earth. Deniers may claim that there were no gas chambers and that the chambers were only used for delousing due to the evidence that Fred Leuchter supposedly found. They also may claim that the museums have no video or photographic proof that Jews were gassed, but the proof the floor plans and documents that remain say otherwise. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the Memorial and Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau contain so many artifacts and evidence that Holocaust deniers can barely make a case. Holocaust deniers may think they are able to prove the Holocaust didnt exist, but the amount of evidence available proves otherwise.

Educational Philosophy :: essays research papers

My Educational Philosophy Education is the foundation of human interaction. School is where students take in knowledge that will determine what they do with the rest of their lives. Students are offered great opportunities through education. Many times these opportunities are largely affected by how the material is presented to them. As an educator one is given the opportunity to facilitate the learning of these students and affect their lives in hopes that they use this information to progress forward into the future. My goal as a teacher is to educate the future generations of America. I want to be a teacher because teaching is a unique occupation that will provide me with intrinsic rewards. I have found that the students have a large impact on how much I appreciate the art of teaching. I feel that teachers that have stable and healthy relationships with their students are the most successful. Throughout my student teaching experiences I have genuinely strived to be respectful towards all my students and each of their differing learning behaviors. All students learn at different paces, and work better with some learning styles rather than others. This does not mean that students should be left behind because an educator prefers certain learning styles over one another. A good teacher attempts to you all types of learning styles in order to reach out to all types of learners. One can do this by touching on all aspects of Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory when creating lessons. I believe that assessment in the classroom should be constant. Student should have the chance to be graded beyond the simple tests and quizzes. Presentations, class discussions and other ways that students can prove that they are comprehending the presented knowledge is important and should be noted. I am quite passionate about my content area, teaching allows me to communicate and share that knowledge with my students. Social studies cover so many areas: history, political science and the social sciences. I find each of these areas to be quite fascinating as well as lessons and skills that the students learn in these classes that they will use in the rest of their lives. The challenge and reward that comes from understanding the cognitive level of adolescent students is what makes me prefer working on the secondary level. A teacher is more that just a facilitator of knowledge. A great teacher is one that fulfills all of the following roles: educator, mentor, role model, authority figure, planner, assessor, counselor, as well as a peer.

Placebos: Can a Sugar Pill Cure? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Placebos: Can a Sugar Pill Cure? Placebo: the word is Latin for "I will please." Originally it started the Vespers for the dead, often sung by hired mourners, and eventually "to sing placebos" came to mean to flatter or placate (1). Later, the term was used for any kind of quack medicine. Today, it is a medicine that has no value in itself, but improves a patient's condition because the patient believes it to be potent. Belief in a swallowed sugar pill or saline injection has been shown to produce real reactions. 80% of patients given sugar water and told it is an emetic respond by vomiting (1). People often show an allergic response to something they believe they are allergic to, even if it is only plastic flowers. Does this strong reaction hold true for more serious medical conditions, then? There are three explanations as to why placebos may work. The first, called the opoid model, says that the positive response is a result of endorphins released in response to swallowing a pill, etc. The second is the conditioning model, which holds that the important factor is not the medicine, but contact with a medical professional. Because patients are used to getting better after they go into a doctor's office and talk to someone in a white coat, they are psychologically conditioned to get better after contact with the medical environment. The last is the expectancy model, in which patients improve because they expect the placebo to have a certain effect. There are even more arguments, though, as to how the placebo effect has been exaggerated or fabricated. Some studies include additional treatment along with the medication, sosimply being in a study may produce results (1). Some studies on placebos often show similar rates of success for a drug and a placebo, but do not include a control in which no treatment is used. In such studies, it is impossible to tell what improvement was actually due to the placebo and what would have happened anyway (3). Patients may also tend to report improvement because they think this is what is expected. This is especially true with poorly designed response forms with more options for improvement than worsening. Many illnesses, like colds, improve by themselves given time. Others, like depression and chronic pain, fluctuate. Thus improvement in these types of illness might well have happened without any medicine or placebo.

Role of Ngo in Devlopment

Several Nags have worked hand in hand with the Government to ensure hat millions of out of school children are enrolled and continue their school education, thus making the right to education a reality. The leprosy eradication programmer was spearheaded by Nags and today only residual leprosy remains in our country. Nags have implemented the Jayvee Dharma programmer for creation of wells for safe drinking water; promoted community toilets for total sanitation, and supported the public health programs on immunization and for eliminating tuberculosis and malaria.The much celebrated , Normal gram, and Swastika BEMA of the government have their roots in the work of many Nags. Nags eave significantly influenced the development of laws and policies on several important social and developmental issues such as the right to information, Juvenile justice, ending corporal punishment in schools, anti-trafficking, forests and environment, wildlife conservation, women, elderly people, people with disability, rehabilitation and resettlement of development induced displaced people to name a few.Further, Nags made their modest attempts to ensure the effective implementation of these laws and policies by conducting and disseminating findings from participatory research, budget analysis, public hearings, social audits, rockroses, seminars and conferences. Summing up, it is now well established that Nags have an important role to play in the development processes and that both the state and market need the collaboration of credible, active, and accountable Nags.Given their connect with the grassroots realities, Nags can and should play the â€Å"game changer† to pro-poor development through leadership on participatory research, community empowerment and search for development alternatives. 36 Google +0 Telecommuting 0 19 | Latest Articles GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Why our prayers are not answered? Positive Attitude Support Honesty Peaks E Ashram O Hay 1 20th century transferred the number of issues to its successor with regard to social sector.Perhaps among those most discussion able and dispersing one is â€Å"The Role of MONGO, s largely depending upon the contribution made by the socially developed countries, which on its turn also exalted a number of issues lying under the generous contribution made, by the developed world. But as far as our concern, the presentation contains in itself the evolutionary development of the concept both theoretically and practically emerging the various types of Nags I. E. Heritable organizations, national organizations, community organization boards and international Nags etc.The objectives of these Nags as relief welfare, community development, sustainable system and people's participation are also considered in this work. The role of Nags which are common for almost all the Mongo, s with regard to development in different fields as in education, health, women welfare etc are mostly sponsored b y international Nags. Nags also contribute their due share in the development sector of Pakistan and the facts about their activities funds and utilization of funds is also considered in this presentation.The Nags are also working in rural areas of Pakistan and their programs in these areas are also under the consideration of our paper. So, all the presentation will provide the knowledge and basic facts about the role of Nags in development both at national and international level, their types, work ability and objectives and some fact about their weaknesses. Introduction The term MONGO seems to be deceptively simple. It may overlook the enormous variety and differential capabilities of different Nags. N fact, Nags offer a kaleidoscopic collection of organizations varying in origin, size, programmer, ideology, role strategy, ending, linkages evaluation, problem etc. Nags embrace a bewildering group of organizations varying in terms of innumerable parameters. No standard definition c an include all organizations working at present under the title of MONGO, originally voluntarism was a doctrine which held that the will is dominant factor or it is a principle relying on one's own free will for an action.The definition of Nags vary as:According to Asian Development Bank the term non-governmental organization refers to organization based in government. Not created to earn profit. United Nations defines it â€Å"Nags are private organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interest of poor, protect the environment, provide basic social services or undertake community development

Geologic Time Worksheet Axia W3D5

Associate Level Material Mary Miles Geologic Time Worksheet Use the following table to compare ways of evaluating geologic time. Your description, similarities, and differences must each be at least 50 words. |Time Evaluation Method |Description |Advantages of this Method |Disadvantages of this Method | |Relative dating |Relative dating is the process |There are a few advantages of |The disadvantage to relative | | |of estimating the order of |relative dating.One is that |dating is that an exact time | | |events but not necessarily |this is an estimate of the age |cannot be given to a rock | | |determining when the events |of a structure. Meaning that |structure or fossil. This method| | |occurred.When looking at rocks |there is room for error. This |is only an estimate and because | | |and fossils the deeper the |method is good if weathering or |of that the true time in which a| | |structure or fossil the older it|erosion is prevalent. Because |rock structure or fossil was | | |is.D uring this process there is|some of the rock structure is |started or deposited cannot be | | |not exact age or date that is |missing or interrupted exact age|determined. | | |given to a rock or fossil only |would not be able to be found. | | | |an estimate of when it stated or| | | | |was alive. | | |Absolute dating |Absolute dating is a process in |The advantage to absolute dating|The disadvantage of absolute | | |which geologists or other earth |is that an exact age can be |dating is not every rock | | |scientists determine the |determined for a rock structure |structure or fossil’s exact age | | |specific age of a rock |or fossil. This is beneficial to|cannot be determined.Depending | | |structure, fossil or other |scientists to help determine the|on where a fossil is found or | | |scientific site or structure. |age of the earth and the rock |what mineral make up the rock | | |Absolute dating allows a |structures it contains. |structure will determine if | | |numerical ag e to be determined | |absolute dating would be | | |for a fossil or strata. |appropriate. | In the following space, explain the role of fossils in developing the Geologic column. Your explanation must be between 200 and 300 words. The geologic column is the putting together all known strata and matching them up in chronological order. Fossils are an important factor when developing the Geologic column. Depending on if there are any fossils present in a sediment layer and if there are determining what the fossil is can help determine which eon all strata stated to form in.The geologic column is divided to several different time frames. These time frames are referred to as eons, eras, periods and epochs. Most of the Earth’s existence can be separated into three eons. Each eon in earth’s existence lasted at least a hundred million years. The first two eons that earth existed fossils were very rare or hard to find. Those two eons are referred to as the Archean eon and the Proterozoic. The most recent area is referred to as the Phanerozoic eon. The Phanerozoic eon is the most recent eon and is the only eon that contains a lot of fossils.Significant changes happened to the fossil assembly during the three eras that took place during the Phanerozoic eon. The three eras of the Phanerozic eon are Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. These eras have been divided by significant extinction events. The era that is very important is the Paleozoic. This is because during this time was the first appearance of hard bodied animals that fossilize much better then soft bodied organisms. Reference: Murck, B. W. , Skinner, B. J. , & Mackenzie, D. (2010). Visualizing geology (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.